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Jining is a prefecture-level city in southwestern Shandong province. It borders Heze to the southwest, Zaozhuang to the southeast, Tai'an to the northeast, and the provinces of Henan and Jiangsu to the northwest and south respectively. Jining, which is located right to the north of the Lake Nanyang, is today the northernmost city reachable by navigation on the Grand Canal of China. Primitive villages were scattered around this region five or six thousand years ago. After the unification of China by the Qin Dynasty (221-206), Rencheng County was established here. Jining, as the name of the administrative unit set up here, first appeared in the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368).